In TV they are seven terrestial broadcastors:
• BBC
• ITV
• Chanel 4
• Five
• S4C
• SMG
• UTV
BBC is a public sector because people can see and hear it everywhere and they pay a licence fee for TV also and it is cross media because it expands into other media like interactive media because of BBC IPlayer. It also has 300 cable and satellite broadcasters which include:
• BskyB
• Virgin Media
• Discovery
• Disney
• Viacom
(http://www.creativeskillset.org/tv/industry/article_6778_1.asp)
Did you know that 96.2% of people have digital TV in their homes! (http://media.ofcom.org.uk/facts/)
Between the 12-26 of September 2012, the analogue signal was switched off in the Tyne Tees TV area.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_switchover_dates_in_the_United_Kingdom#Tyne_Tees)
Here are some radio stations that people listen to in the UK:
• Capital
• Radio 1
• TFM
Consumers aged 12+ spend an average of 17 hours per week with radio Radio has a higher penetration than television, magazines, newspapers or the Internet Persons 18+ radio listening by location includes:
o 60.4% in car
o 10.4% at home
o 17.8% at work
(http://www.newsgeneration.com/broadcast-resources/radio-facts-and-figures/)
Publishing
The main geographical area of employment is London and the South East. The East of England is next, followed by the South West, Scotland and the North West. In Wales and Northern Ireland the sector is predominately made up of small publishers and news media.
The Publishing industry generates a turnover in the region of £10.1 billion GVA (Gross Value Added) and is one of the biggest earners and exporters for the UK Creative Media Industries. (http://www.creativeskillset.org/publishing/industry/article_6686_1.asp)
The Publishing industry employs over 195,000 people, representing approximately 36% of the creative media workforce. Over 51,000 people are employed in the newspaper sector, with 50,500 working in journals and magazines, 33,000 in the book industry and nearly 12,000 in other information service activities. (http://www.creativeskillset.org/publishing/industry/article_6854_1.asp)
People can now read books electronically using Kindles and their tablets. Animation Animation companies currently provide employment for around 4,700 people throughout the UK, of whom nearly two fifths are freelance or on short term contracts, with almost 20% Sole Traders, or self-employed. The largest key occupational groups are draw/stop frame animation employing around 1,000 people, producing (910), computer generated animation (900), and production (430).
In addition, a further 1,100 more people are employed in key animation roles in other audiovisual sectors. 39% of the animation workforce entered the audiovisual industry before 1990, 39% during the 1990s and 22% since 2000. Less than a quarter of the workforce had received structured careers advice at any point in their working life. 34% of the animation industry's workforce are women, slightly less than the norm for the audiovisual industries as a whole. At 3%, the representation of ethnic minorities is among the lowest amongst all sectors of the audio visual industry. (http://www.creativeskillset.org/animation/overview/article_2967_1.asp)
Animation
The Animation Sector can be roughly divided into four main disciplines: 2D drawn or traditional; 2D computer generated stop frame; and 3D computer generated. Most of the money spent on animation is associated with the advertising industry and competition for commissions is fierce. But the UK also leads the world in the production of pre-school storytelling and design, and this area continues to attract investors. Other products include: feature films children’s programmes games music promos titles and idents CD-Roms (for educational purposes) adult comedy and drama (http://www.creativeskillset.org/animation/overview/article_4455_1.asp)
Aardman animations are British studios who are the creators of Wallace and Gromit Pixar is an American studio which was founded on February 3rd 1986.
In 1995 Pixar released its first film which was Toy Story Film Most notably, Paramount Pictures and Universal Pictures are celebrating their 100th anniversaries.
Dr. No, the first film in the James Bond series celebrates its 50th anniversary in the same year as the release of the 23rd film in the series, Skyfall.
These are the highest grossing from 2012
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_in_film#Awards)
Interactive Media
It is worth several billion pounds annually and employs around 34,300 people, representing approximately 7% of the total Creative Industries. In a rapidly evolving industry, any definition of it risks quickly becoming out of date. Interactive media itself is a vague and often misunderstood term (http://www.creativeskillset.org/interactive/industry/article_6838_1.asp)
Interactive media normally refers to products and services on digital computer-based systems which respond to the user’s actions by presenting content such as text, graphics, animation, video, audio, games, etc.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_media)
Computer Games
The main companies that produce computer games are Sony, Nintendo, Microsoft and Sega Overall the computer games industry comprises around 485 businesses with the majority being classed as games developers. Around 35 companies can also be classed as games support companies including outsourcing specialists and middleware developers and retailers. These businesses employ a total of 7,000 people in the UK.
(http://www.creativeskillset.org/games/industry/article_2194_1.asp)
Over the recent years gaming has evolved massively from the early games consoles
Atari 2600 – 1978 Nintendo Wii – 2006
It has also changed massively with handheld consoles
Atari Lynx – 1987 Nintendo 3DS – 2011
Computer games are multinational because people play them all over the world.
Photo Imaging
The total Photo Imaging workforce comprises around 43,100 people. 51% of these are based in the south of England, with the largest proportion - some 38% - in London and the South East. The Photo Imaging industry is made up of 8,700 companies, two thirds (68%) of which are sole trading or freelance The remaining companies can be broadly divided into the following categories: Image producers (including laboratories and minilabs) Photo retail Picture libraries and agencies Manufacturers Support services (e.g. equipment hire and repair) Across the industry as a whole, 91% of companies employ five people or fewer.
(http://www.creativeskillset.org/photo/)
Photography
In 2010 there were 139,500 people working in photography The projected rate of change in employment for the 10-year timeframe between 2010 and 2020. The average growth rate for all occupations is 14 percent.
(http://www.bls.gov/ooh/media-and-communication/photographers.htm)
Advertising and Marketing
Job Roles in the media
Technical
A camara operator usaly starts off as a trainee and works their way up over a certain period of time. This job requires a certain number of skills like knowlage of relevent electronics, exelent communication, interpersonal skills. Also they have to know the requirements of the relevant Health and Safety legislation and procedures and and a in-depth knowledge of camera work. Additionly they have to carry out instructions with accuracy and great detail.
Creative
A radio presenter usally works on radio in the community and then tart to work their way up in the industry.When working in radio a presenter needs a number of skills which need to have like excellent presentation and performance skills. They also must be able to generate ideas and how they should present them. Also they need the ability to learn how to use a range of recording equipment and to operate different radio studios and a good level of IT skils like good work proccesing and data handeling.
Famous Radio 1 DJ Scott Mills started in local radio in Hampshire on Power FM at aged 16 aftere barganing the show with demo tapes. He presented shows for a full week then he was given the graveyard shift 1:00 am - 6:00 am doing it six nights a week. He now is a DJ and presenter on Radio 1 earning £130,000.
Finance
A financial controller ensurees that there is enough money in the budget so the project dosent run out of money halfay through production. This job requires a number of skills e.g. :
- Problem solving
- Comunication
- Strong leadership
- Good team working skills
- Accountancy qualifactions
Also they need to be self-starters and have the insight and the vision to propose changes even in the face of strong opposition, and they should be able to prioritise work efficiently across a wide range of responsibilities.
Managerial
In radio a station manager is responsible for day-to-day runnings and works with a number of people to make sure they meet the key objectives of the station in terms of output, audience, or revenue.
Some of the key skills they need for the job is:
- Knowlage of the radio market
- Communication
- buisnees and finace skills
- self motavation and adaptability
- Knowlage of the ethical considerations in radio
Editorial
An editor usally stats off as a runner and progress from being Runners to Trainees, Second Assistants, First Assistants and eventually to become Editors. the progression to an editor can be difficult because feature film production involves large amounts of money, and as the majority of producers prefer to trust their film's editing to experienced hands. There are some key skills editors need when working on the job e.g:
- Be creative when under pressure
- imagination and a understanding of narritive
- excellent communication and interpersonal skills;
- developed sense of rhythm and timing in story telling;
- highly developed visual awareness
Administration
Assistant Photographers must be prepared to do whatever is necessary to ensure that a photographic shoot runs smoothly. This typically involves preparing sets, checking that all equipment is functioning properly, setting up lighting and accessories, taking meter readings, transmitting files and transporting film or prints to and from laboratories. When working from a studio, an Assistant will help out with the general administration of the studio, keeping the sets clean and tidy and printing photographs as required. Assistants will be expected to catalogue and optimise digital files, to scan film and to assist with image manipulation and enhancement.
http://www.creativeskillset.org/photo/careers/photographers/article_3279_1.asp
The skillls they would need are:
- organised
- practical
- communication and interpersonal skills
- forsee and evaluate problems
- good office skills
Sales and Marketing
A market research executive earns £19,000 per year and works 30-40 hours per week
The skills they need are:
A sales manager earns £18,000 per year and works 30-40 hours per week the skills they need when working on the job are:
- Sales and neogtiation skills
- buisness sense
- the ability to motivate and lead a team
- initiative and enthusiasm
- excellent communication and 'people skills'
Contracts
A contract is a legal document based on a agreement between a employer and employee. There are different contracts in the industry
Full-Time Perminant
With this contract you work full time and work 37 - 39 hours a week. With a permeneant contract you are a regular member of staff and are entitled to benifits, pensions, sick pay and holiday pay.
One job where they offer a full time conract is a Digital Media Manager. This job gets paid £30,000 - £45,000 per year.
Part-Time Perminant
With this contract you work half the hours and you get half the pay.
One job where they offer a part time perminent contract is a Digital Co--rdinater. You get paid £25 - £27,000. The hours are 9.30 — 5.30 full time (with occasional evenings) 8 weeks annual leave.
Permenent Contract
With this contract you get paid benefits e.g. holiday pay, sick pay and if they want to get rid of you the workplace have to go through a long process.
One job where they offer a permenent contract is Digital Designer. You get paid £40-55k and the hours are flexible.
Fixed Term Contract
With this contract you get a certain lengh e.g. 3 months or 6 months.
Fixed-term contracts:
- last for a certain length of time
- are set in advance
- end when a specific task is completed
- end when a specific event takes place
https://www.gov.uk/contract-types-and-employer-responsibilities/fixedterm-contracts
A job that can offer a fxed term contract is a press officer which offers a 28,000 (pro rata).
http://www.gorkanajobs.co.uk/job/17745/press-officer-charity-6-month-ftc-fixed-term-contract-/
Freelance Contract
A freelance contract is where you work for a certain period of time but you have to sort out pension, holiday and sick pay. Also they have to pay their own tax and National Insurance.
Some of the jobs in media where they offer a freelance contract is journalism , publishing, screenwriting, filmsking and acting.
A job where they offer a freelance contract is a Media Specialist. The pay is £35,000 depending level and experiance.
Shift Work
Office Hours
Office Hours are usally Monday - Friday 9:00-5:00. They are very common hours in the workplace e.g administation and office based jobs.
Irregular Hours and Anti Social Hours
These are very common in the creative media sector e.g. production work esspecially on location. People can work early in the morning or late at night. People like to work these hours because you get paid extra which gives them a insentive to come in.
Hourly Paid
This is where a employee comes into work when required. The hours can be different depending on how long the employer needs you to work. Hourly paid employees dont get benefits such as sick pay and holiday pay.
On completion
This is also common in the media industry. A contract is negotiateed to outline how much you get paid when the work is completed. Employees must be able to meet deadlines and the work must meet the criteria of the employer.
Skills needed to work in the creative sector
When working in the creative media sector there are a few skills that employees will need to gain employment in the creative sector.
Communication
Communication skills are important because you will be able to talk to people and get contacts from people so you can try out different jobs by working in different sectors.
Reliability
Reliablity is a good skill to have in the workplace because when a employer gives you a job they would expect you to get the job done and handed in on time.
Punctuation
Punctuation is a good skill to have because employers expect a employee to get into work on time and hand work in on time and to a good standard.
Maths and English Skills
Every employee in the workplace needs basic english and maths skills in order to be employed in the workplace because if you don't have these skills you can't get employed in the work place.
Determination
Determination is a good skill to have inthe work place because everyone needs determination in order to complete tasks and work round problems that occur in the workplace.
Progression Routes into jobs in the media industry
This section is about how somone can progress in the media idustry.
Level 2 Media
At Middlesbrough Colege to gain entry to Level 2 Media you need four GCSE'S at grade d or above with a minamal grade D at English. You must also undertake a successful interview and provide a satisfactory reference.
Level 3 Media
At Midllesbrough College to gain entry to Level 3 Media you must have four or more GCSEs at Grade C or above, to include English at Grade C or above (or an equivalent qualification e.g. L2 Functional English) and preferably Maths at Grade C or above (or equivalent e.g. L2, Functional Maths) or other equivalent qualifications acceptable to the College. You must also undertake a successful interview and provide a satisfactory reference.
Runner
The role of Runner is usually the entry point to a career in Post Production Facilities Houses which provide complete end to end services for off-line, on-line and non-linear editing, visual effects, and DVD production to the independent, corporate and broadcast media sectors. Post Production involves creatively weaving together visual and audio materials shot or created during the production process, and combining them with other media, graphics, effects, subtitles, archive footage, etc., to create a variety of final products including broadcast programmes, DVD titles, corporate productions, etc.
Key Skills include:
- excellent communication skills;
- a high level of organisational skills;
- precise attention to detail;
- initiative and problem solving skills;
- effective team working skills;
- diplomacy and sensitivity when working with clients;
- basic IT skills;
- knowledge of the requirements of The Food Safety (General Food Hygiene) regulations 1995;
- knowledge of the requirements of the relevant Health and Safety legislation and procedures.
http://www.prospects.ac.uk/runner_broadcasting_film_video_salary.htm
Work Experiance
Work experiance is when you go to work in a particular occupation to gain experiance in it. The lengh of work experiance can be any lengh of time. You don't get paid while doing work experiance.
In the Middlesborough area some places you could get work experiance are TFM or BBC Tees for radio. While on work experiance you meet people who work in the industry and see what goes on in the industry.
Undergraduate Degree
An undergraduate course is when you go to university to gain a first degree. This takes three years to complete but some courses like medicine takes five years to complete. To get into a degree in university you need 280 tariff points which is a DMM ( Distinction Merit Merit).
Postgraduate Degree
A postgraduate course when you try to gain a masters degree in university you must posses a bacherlors degree in order to take a masters degree. A masters degree can take usally four years to complete in the UK.
Internship
An internship is when you go and work for a company but the pay is low. An internship can last for:
- twelve months if you are in university
- You also get a salary and full time employment when it is over.
While on the job you can gain new skills which will help in later life.six months if you are doing a masters or postgraduate internship
In France they can offer TV or film internships.
http://www.worldinternships.org/internships/journalism-media#listings
Traineeship
A traineeship is where you are trained by the company for a certain lengh of time. These can last for twelve to twenty four months. You also get a salary and full time employment when it is over.While on the job you can gain new skills which will help in later life.
The ITV News Trainee Scheme offers the opportunity for enthusiastic and committed people to develop skills in broadcast journalism in one of ITV's regional newsrooms, with a blend of formal courses and on the job training.
The scheme has been running since 2005, during which time the company has benefited enormously from developing entry level journalists from a cross-section of communities and the different perspectives on newsgathering that this brings.
The trainees learn and develop the fundamental skills of production journalism and follow a clear and progressive development plan over a 12 month period, with input from experienced broadcast trainers, media lawyers and personal mentors within the newsrooms.
Each year, the majority of trainees take up full-time roles with ITV regional news and go on to develop their careers with the company.
http://www.creativeskillset.org/companies/your_staff/placement_casestudies/article_7646_1.asp
